Driving Test At The Age Of 16 - 845 Words

Have you ever felt that there should be more than one driving test at the age of 16? In the United States once a person turns 16 they take a driving test and if the test is passed, they are then free to drive an automobile on the roads. Once someone is seventy or eighty years old there body naturally is not as responsive or as attentive as it once was when they were younger. Also, their memory of the rules of the road has undoubtedly deteriorated. Senior adults who are still driving on the road who have not been assessed in over sixty to seventy years are a hazard to all drivers. Senior adults must be tested on a regular basis so that optimal road safety can be taken one step closer to obtaining. Driving is an activity that takes place in the majority of the population’s life every day. Adding constricting regulations on driving test, specifically for senior adults, will decrease the risk of fatal accidents on the road and this will be done through a reoccurring mandatory test that must be taken every 2 years in order to keep our license. Requiring senior adults to take a regulator driving test will not only save their lives, but also save the life’s of others. Senior adults are simply not as responsive as they once were at a younger age. Having to make split second decision while driving an automobile can be the difference between life and death in select situations. Most elderly adults are not as agile because of the natural degeneration of their Neuro Muscular JunctionShow MoreRelatedDriving Age Should Not Be Raised812 Words   |  4 PagesDriving age should not be raised Vroom, vroom! The first time behind the wheel alone--exciting, nerve-racking, free. No parents or instructors, just yourself and the car; all decisions are solely made by you. Are you ready, are you... old enough? The discussion of keeping the minimum driving age at 16 or raising it to 21 revolves around generic maturity, but there is more than just that to look at. After reviewing all pros and cons, the minimum age for being allowed to operate motor vehicles shouldRead MoreShould The Legal Driving Age Be Changed? Essay578 Words   |  3 Pagesabout these days. When many teenagers reach the age of 15  ½ they are allowed to officially take their permit test to receive their permit for driving with an adult. After they have officially turned 16 they may take the behind-the wheel driving exam for a driver’s license, but the USA plans to change the driving age from 16 to 18. This idea seems to be a mistake seen in many ways. I believe that they shouldn’t change the driv ing age and keep it at 16 for so many reasons! Many people say that youngRead MoreDriving Age : Should It Be Raised?917 Words   |  4 PagesDriving age: Should it be raised? There was a time were driving was taken more like a necessity. With the increase in production and sales of cars and their availability at flexed leasing terms, driving is now also taken as a fun activity. Youth particularly take the art of driving as a matter of pride, fun and the best pass time. However, this fun activity could end up very dangerously. According to a latest research, it is estimated that about thirty thousand of Americans lose their lives whileRead MoreElderly Driving Has Become An Epidemic1184 Words   |  5 Pagesexperienced, and elderly to name a few. The elderly comprise of more than 40 million people age 65 and older in the United States and of those 40 million, 34 million are licensed drivers (NHTSA). Elderly driving has become an alarming subject throughout many communities in the United States as it concerns the safety and health of themselves as well as other drivers. One article shares, as 80-year-old Daniel was driving to the grocery store one day, he ran over a curb and hit a trash can. Luckily he wasRead MoreThe Problem Of Elderly Driving890 Words   |  4 Pagespeople pull out of their drive way entering a world full of aggressive, distracted, and boneheaded drivers. Unfortunately, as people age what goes along with age is some of the reactions and common sense, also as a person who has been disabled can have poor driving skills and can be a threat to themselves as well as the others around them. The problem of elderly driving should be considered a community problem because of the large amount of elderly people in the area of Northern Orange County. WhenRead MoreThe Age Of Driving A Motorcycle At Age 14 And Why It Should Be Higher Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesIn this following essay, it will talk about the age of driving a motorcycle at age 14 and why it should be higher than 14. It will be talking about how the brain effects the driving. The mature status in a young adolescent mind, and how the brain is still developing during the teen years. That’s why insurance is so high as a teen, because the brain doesn’t fully develop until your mid to late twenties. The following paragraphs will discuss all the things listed above. Motor laws and regulationsRead MoreEssay on Driunk Driving Statistics1109 Words   |  5 Pageswhile drinking and driving? Hopefully you have never tried. In 2011, on average someone died every 53 minutes from an alcohol related accident in the US alone (2011 Drunk Driving statistics). It is illegal to drive under the influence in all of North America and Puerto Rico. A car crash is considered â€Å"alcohol-related† if at least one driver or pedestrian involved in the crash has a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or higher (2011 Drunk Driving statistics). ThereRead MoreEssay about Changing the Legal Driving Age to Eighteen1348 Words   |  6 PagesChanging the Legal Driving Age to Eighteen Every day teens are given access to automobiles. Every day these young people go to their jobs, classes, and athletic practices. Do they all abuse their driving privileges? No. Then why restrict all teens, including the law-abiding and mature, by raising the driving age? This debate reaches all across the nation, to all levels of government, and many related laws and propositions can be found. If the driving age is increased, teenagers willRead MoreDrinking And Driving1335 Words   |  6 Pages Drink and Driving is and Ongoing Problem Erica Esposito Kean University Abstract This paper explores the research and find results on how drinking and driving has become a big problem in the United States. Drinking and driving effects a person’s ability to operate a vehicle and therefore drunk drivers need to be educated on the repercussions with drinking and driving. Every day drunk drivers are arrested, either for traffic violations, reckless driving, and random stops on theRead MoreIncrease Driving Age in Arizona to Save Lives Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral distractions for drivers of any age to maneuver. Parents can play an educational role by enrolling their teen into a driver’s educational program. Some states require students to complete a comprehensive graduated drivers licensing (GDL) program prior to receiving their license. The brain function is still developing in teenagers and may impede the quick thinking process necessary to become a responsible driver. For the safety and welfare of teenagers the age requirement in Arizona fo r a driver’s

Analysis Of Heron Tower, The Junction Of Bishopsgate And...

This quote rings true evermore in the construction of buildings throughout history; the overarching principle being that value for money is achieved in terms of the quality, cost, time and buildability of the project.(1). Further research on the design criteria led me to produce sub criteria which form the basis for my design proposals. These include: accessibility (ease of access), aesthetics, functionality, productivity and sustainability. The cost implications of these criteria, form the platform for my design change proposals. 2. Heron Tower, the design aspects The subject of my report is Heron Tower, located at the junction of Bishopsgate and Camomile Street (110 Bishopsgate, EC2). It is a commercial skyscraper 230 metres in height, which consists of a series of 10 three-story ‘villages’ and one six-story ‘village, an atrium located at the heart of each section.(2) Salesforce Tower has incorporated a design which takes inspiration from designs like the Seagram building built in 1958 as well as some other contemporary modern designs (Century tower in Tokyo) (3) Notable descriptions include: few internal columns, incorporated natural light from both the glazing and the atria ceilings. The building orientation dictates the function and the aesthetics of the faà §ade. For instance to the east and west, the facades are transparent to allow for the best use of the climate, such as the automatic blinds which change according to the position of the sun rays. The south face

Increase in Tommy John Surgery Amongst Young Athletes Free Essays

In order to keep up with the competition, athletes must constantly look for a competitive advantage. There are many ways to do this, both good and bad, legal and illegal. The hottest trend in today’s society is very unique and out of the ordinary. We will write a custom essay sample on Increase in Tommy John Surgery Amongst Young Athletes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Young athletes have been turning to a procedure called Tommy John surgey in order to get a boost in athletic performance. This surgery has been sought out by these young athletes even when not injured, and this has outraged many professionals and doctors around the world.This growing trend has been highly debated and will continue to be until some sort of guidelines are set. Tommy John surgery is reconstructive surgery of the ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow. This surgery has been common amongst college and professional athletes over the last few decades, most notably baseball players. The surgery was first performed in 1974 on former Major League Baseball star Tommy John by Doctor Frank Jobe. The surgery was so revolutionary, Doctor Jobe decided to name the surgery after his first patient. The process for Tommy John surgery is a quite simple process that has evolved over time. Basically, when ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow becomes damaged, a tendon needs to be taken from another part of the body in order to replace the damaged one. The new tendon is carefully woven into a figure eight pattern in the elbow bone. There is a slight risk of damage to the ulnar nerve, but if done carefully, the process is pretty routine these days. One of the key reasons why young athletes are opting for this surgery is the rising success rate ever since it has been in existence.When it was first discovered and performed, the surgery was given a 1 in 100 success rate by surgeon Frank Jobe. The success rate as of 2009 is an astonishing 85-92 percent. The time it takes to recover depends on the sport, and the position played in that sport. On average, it takes between 6 and 12 months to fully recover, with baseball pitchers taking the longest. The causes for this surgery can be a variety of situations. Through the repetitive stress of the throwing motion, the ulnar collateral ligament can become stretched, frayed, or torn severly.In pitchers, the total number of pitches thrown is the best way to monitor elbow issues. The type of pitch thrown, such as a curveball or a slider, also has an effect but not quite as much of one as the number of pitches thrown. Children these days are beind overworked more than ever, thus causing a dramatic increase in elbow issues in young athletes. The growing concern with this surgery as of late has been the urge of these teenagers who want to get this surgery even when they are not injured.The reason for this is because since so many athletes come back from this surgery playing at a much higher level than pre-surgery, these young kids figure that they might as well get the surgery before they can get hurt. Parents are also at fault here as well because there are many cases where the parent is the initiator as well. Beau Wycoff, a freshman baseball player for his hometown high school Toms River North, is facing this same issue. His father believes that he should get Tommy John surgery because he doesn’t throw as hard as the other boys on the team.He isn’t looked at as a top player, and his father believes that this will make him stronger and throw much harder. Beau is not on the same page and is very torn about this situation. â€Å"I want to be the team’s top pitcher, but having this surgery when I’m not hurt is something I am not sure about,† Beau said. This is just an example of what goes on all over the country with young athletes and their decisions to acheive a competitive advantage. In an e-mail response from the Center for Sports Parenting, they simply are irate about this situation.They believe that there should be a significant medical issue with the elbow for someone to legally go through with the surgery. Also mentioned was pressure from parents in order to get this surgery is a huge concern in dealing with this topic. The Center believes that operating on a perfectly healthy elbow in order to get some kind of advantage is an unnecessary risk for a young athlete. Situations like these make Tommy John surgery look like it’s a bad thing, and that certainly is not the case. It should only be seen as a bad thing when it is abused by people who truly do not need it.This surgery has been proven by many studies to be very positive. In one study where a questionarre was sent out to 743 patients who had the surgery, 94. 5 percent were baseball players and the other 5. 5 percent were track, football, and other. Out of these people questioned, 622 patients or 83 percent, returned to their previous level of play or higher. The average recovery time of these patients was 11. 6 months. Also recorded was that only 10 percent of these patients had complications, which were mostly minor.Guisto Salicetti has been a baseball pitcher since he was 7 years old. He came to St. Peter’s College on a baseball scholarship after dominating the high school ranks for 4 years. After arriving at school he soon had elbow troubles and found out he needed Tommy John surgery. The surgery went well and he is currently lightly throwing and should be able to pitch in a game in no time. â€Å"The surgery was a very positive for me and even though the recovery has been a lot of hard work, hopefull it will all be worth it in the end,† Guisto said.Tommy John surgery has become a phenomenon in the last couple of years. If done for the right reasons, the procedure is a great innovation is surgical medicine. There are some circumstances where this surgery can be abused and mistreated. This needs to be addressed in the near future because young athletes and parents are taking this too far. Tommy John surgery should be all about success stories and revitalizing careers, not about controversy and potentially ruining a young teenagers’s promising athletic experience. How to cite Increase in Tommy John Surgery Amongst Young Athletes, Papers

Strategy on Luxury Brand Dilution †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Strategy on Luxury Brand Dilution. Answer: Introduction A brand is an identity of a product or service that is offered by the company, it is a marketing approach that allows the company to develop an entity that has a name, identification logo or symbol a design that differentiates in between the product form the other similar products in the market. It is a tool that is use by a business organization to combat the competition. An efficient and effective branding strategy of the company gives it an edge over the constantly growing market. It is observed that the recall value of a brand is much more than a recall value of a product (Ci et al., 2017). The main objective and aim of brand is to establish an important as well as differentiated presence in the market in order to attract and retain customers as well as create new potential customer base. This aforementioned explanation is a much traditional view on branding. The contemporary concept about branding is that it is a opinion of a particular product form a particular company that a c onsumer have when they hear or think of the name of the company or the product or service. The idea to create a brand is to convey a clear message regarding the item, which will motivate and encourage the buyers to purchase that item in place of the competitors (Ginesta de San Eugenio, 2014). The purpose of this study is to understand the dynamics that are involved with the branding in order to improve the sales and conduct organizational development. The research proposal the author mentions the issue that is addressed in this study as well as a justification so as to prove how this study is relevant and how it may be useful. Branding has been the topic of research and study of many authors, it has been understood that the product branding has a direct impact on organizational growth and development. Strengthening the argument that branding has become a major force in product strategy. Branding has emerged to become a significant product issue, today every company understands the value of the concept and employees it in the process of operation. The topic of research that has been chosen by the author is the impact of branding on the sales and organizational development. The idea is to study the aspects which a company can use in the brand approach of marketing strategy undertaken by the company so that there is an increase in the sales of the company as well as there is efficient organizational development. With the help and aid of the available technology at the disposal of business organizations, branding have increased its reach and output to an exponential level (Huertas-Garca et al., 2017). The rese arch would include the logical implementation of the efficient activities for creating the substantial analysis of the branding approach by an organization in order to ensure development of the operations and implication of the improved processes. Because branding plays a key role in sales and organizational development in the same time there are several issues and challenges that are associated with branding. The main aim and objective of implementing the concept of branding in the marketing strategy is for getting the customers attraction and development of the organizational sales. The main issue that is faced by a business organization is to formulate a brand and to employee effective branding tools to promote the branding (Inama, 2015). Depending upon the type and nature of the business along with the scale of the operations the organization and the management of the organization should decide on the tools. In this report the researcher is going to investigate the aspects which affect the success of a branding approach as well as find out the prerequisites that are necessary in order to establish a brand by a company. Analysis of the impact of the organization in order to understand customer loyalty and customer base will also be a part of this research (Magnoni Roux, 2017). Research aim and objective Marketing is the process by which a company communicates with the end customers and other stakeholders of the company branding is a part of the marketing strategy undertaken by the company there are several tools that are employed in order to execute the branding activity like advertising, public relation, sales promotion etc. the aim of this research is to understand the affect and the facts that are involved in branding which accelerate the sales process of the organization (Neven, 2014). The aims and objective of the research is as follows: To develop the investigation process in understanding the aspects of branding that impact the sales maximization process of the organization To understand the factors of branding that provides aid in development of the organization To understand and analyze the branding concept from the perspective of the buyer To investigate the customer satisfaction level and feedbacks that are related to branding of the products and services that a company has to offer To identify the efficient tactics which will help an organization formulate the branding procedure in order to get the required outcome To help the organization develop a target oriented marketing strategy related to branding Research questions R1. What are the factors that should be kept in mind while formulating branding strategy by an organization? R2. What is the tactics used by successful brands? R3. What is the impact of branding on the end customer? R4. How does branding help in achieving high customer satisfaction level? R5. How does branding accelerate the sales maximization and organizational development? Branding is a concept in marketing that has a traditional and a contemporary version. Branding is very relevant in todays competitive market. Globalization has enabled business organizations to grow and expand in the international market which has in turn grown the competition. Then came the internet which has allowed consumers from around the world access to products and services which are even in different countries all these has increased the level of competition in the market which has in turn given a scope of branding as a concept to grow and develop. Branding allows the company to set itself apart from the other companies in the industry. Branding is a concept that deals with the imagination of the consumer. A brand is set up with logos, colours, tag line and several other elements which help the consumer develop and create an image in the mind and associate a brand with the conception as soon as it is recalled. Branding does not only deal with the loyal customers and create po tential customers so that they will choose a particular product over its competition but it is also about getting the prospects to see the product that is offered by the company as the sole provider of asolution to the issue the customer is facing and the requirement he or she has. Branding for a company has to follow some of the important to invest in researching, defining, and stargazing in building the brand. Brand is like a promise that a company makes to the end customers to provide a certain type of service (Rezvanpour Bayat, 2017). Therefore the topic is justified to conduct a study upon as it is relevant to the current scenario of the business world market. Potential outcome of the research This research is conducted in the direction to identify several aspects of the branding concept. First of all it is going to give the reader a close insight about the brands that have successfully established itself in the market and the recall and brand loyalty is high. By studying these bands the researcher is going to understand the dynamics of the concept of branding and also determine the aspects of branding that gives a company an edge over its competitors. New companies can derive insight from this research regarding the process that should be imbibed by the company while launching a brand. The researcher aims to derive a correlation in between the concept of branding and sales maximization (Rahman, 2014). Branding has been the most effective tools for every company to attract more customers as well as retain the existing customers. However, the problem here lays the type of branding framework a company can design depending on their business structure and products and the tactics they should use to move forward with effective branding activities. For the purpose, the company has to go through a lot of challenges and issues that needs to be met from time to time to get the maximum outcome. The study on these issues is necessary to help the organizations realize the important of branding and the ways it can overcome all the challenges they met while formulating branding activities. Branding consists of all the activities that help the organization to show their product as a brand in the market and to their consumers. It allows the company to increase recognition of their product among the consumers in a name of a brand. Thus branding is known as a process by which the company creates a u nique picture or name for their company before presenting it in the market. Such kind of activity gives a strong edge to the company to survive in the competitive market economy of the world. A brand is not just a name for the customers, it is a sense of promise that they expect from the organization. It is the picture that the customers hold for a product as soon as they think of buying that product or look at it. On the other hand creating a brand name depends upon the aims and future goals of the company. The company can create a strong brand strategy for themselves by various steps (Rubera Droge, 2013). Create a strong and attractive logo Create an influential branding message for the company that defines the products Integrate the brand such as customers service, delivery service, look of the sales person, emails and others Decide a voice for the brand that will reflect their images and goals Design templates and message to be used in the marketing activities with colors and their logo Be true to all the promise and intensions that the brand made to the customers (Seo Jang, 2013) Through these activities, the company will be able to easily think about their goals, their aims and set a desired structure for the brand. Effective branding in turn has an impact on customer behavior as well as on sales of the company. Branding includes a lot of activities and among them one most important activity is marketing that it carries out after designing the structure for their brand. Marketing includes sharing messages about the products with the targeted customers to increase recognition. This helps the customers to be aware of the brand and set a specific image about it in their mind. A positive brand image helps in attractive more customers for the brand and increases their sales. Thus altogether deciding the structure for the brand, designing the messages and other above-mentioned activities has direct impact on sales. This in turn will reduce the challenges for the company and help them grow (Strebinger, 2014). Research Methodology Creating a research methodology is essential for the research for carrying out the research activities effectively. This will help the researcher to find out the essentials of the research effectively. Literature review consists of analyzing the problem put forward in the research by analyzing the papers and research submitted by past researchers or organization. For the purpose, previous literatures will be used such as books, journals, newspaper or press releases of any company. This will help the researcher to know the effectiveness of branding in that organization and the perception that others hold about this topic. By reviewing the literatures, he researcher will be able to present a thematic type of survey to the extent that will state the relevance that branding is important and it helps in increasing sales of the organization. These type of research in which the research has already done in the past is known as secondary research and the data obtained are secondary data. Data plays a crucial role in any research as it helps the researcher to prove the question put forward in the research. Data is collected for the research from various source such as customers, managers and employee of the organization as well as internet. The data that is collected is then summarized is a single place to get the desired result. However, validating a data is important for accuracy of the result. Validating should be done before carrying the research forward and starting the analysis process. Data can thus be collected from primary as well as secondary sources to get a much wider coverage of the research (Flick, 2015). The secondary research will be conducted after analyzing and reading the work of past literatures from books and journals. On the other hand, various processes such as interview and questionnaires will do primary research. For primary research, both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and analyzed. Primary research is much more efficient as it helps the researcher to go to the depth of the research and help them analyze the true purpose. For this research, primary research will help in analyzing the amount of branding strategy used by various companies being surveyed. This will help the researcher know the rate of adoption of branding. The researcher will collect data from these companies as well as from the customers with the help of interview and filling up of questionnaire. Data will be collected from the customers with the help of a questionnaire. The questionnaire will be prepared consisting of both open ended and close-ended questions. There will be 20 questions of both categories, which will consist of 5 open-ended question and 15 open-ended questions. However, 10 companies will be chosen of various brands and interview will be conducted with their managers to know the activities they took for promoting their brand. Questionnaires will be distributed to the companies and to the customers with the help of internet. Customers will be asked to get to fill the questionnaire as soon as they visit that brand (Creswell, 2013). Secondary research will help in doing qualitative research and primary research will be used for quantitative research. However, the open-ended questions will be analyzed qualitatively. Lastly the collected data will be used for analysis and reaching the desired result. However, analysis will be different for both secondary and primary data. For the qualitative data the analysis will be presented in a transcript format which will be easily understood by any person. This is because a transcript is a descriptive presentation of analysis that is offered for qualitative data by almost every researcher. Qualitative data will give a detailed analysis of the tactics of branding used and its impact on the sale. While quantitative data will be analyzed with the help of SPSS and graphical representation. Both the type of research analysis will reach testing of hypothesis and desired conclusion that branding offers to the company carrying out effective branding methods (Choy, 2014). Thus, this proves that the following research will give the accurate result by using a mixture of data and strategies for analysis. However, few steps will be done after data collected from various sources such as journals, books, questionnaires and interviews and before analysis such as organization of the data and sorting the useful data. Organization of the Study For effective and most desired analysis of the data and to offer the correct result, it is necessary that the research is organized properly. For organization of the study, following steps can be followed: Chapter one will show the proposal and outline of the research that is to be conducted in various stages Chapter two is used to discuss the importance of the topic with the team mates or other important person that could help in the research Chapter three is the methodology that is explained to carry out the data collection process smoothly The fourth chapter illustrates the result and conclusion that is reached by the analysis and research process using desired statistical tools. Lastly the fifth and the final chapter will summarize the findings and state the conclusion o the statement the impact of branding on the sale of the product These are the chapters that the researcher is needed to follow to complete the research activity efficiently without leaving any loopholes in between. Budget allocation and Gantt chart In order to conduct any research study the researcher requires resource and time limitation so that the process is controlled and organized and does not exceed the requirements. A research is a process which requires discipline and rules in order to execute in a way that the researcher wants and this is the reason why allocation time and resource in terms of money is imperative to the research procedure. The amount of money that has been allocated to this study is $1500. The steps that are taken in order to carry out the research process have been allocated with specific budget. Firstly $500 is allocated towards the literature review or the secondary research, it is an essential part of the initial stage of the research as it helps the researcher from a strong base of topic and understand every dynamics that are associated with the topic. Money is required to access journals, books and e-documents. Next is the data collection procedure and the budget that is allocated is $750, this is the process of gathering primary or new data which is the main essence of the research. It requires travelling expense and printing and permission expenses as well. Lastly $250 is allocated to tabulation and analysis of the primary data that has been collected. Purpose Estimated Amount Required for Research Literature Review $300 Data Collection $700 Data Analysis $500 Total Budget $ 1500 Table: Allocation of Budget Source: Author Creation Task Name Start Day Duration (Days) Project Proposal 17/9/2017 31/9/2017 15 Literature Review 01/10/2017 14/12/2018 73 Data Collection 15/12/2018 14/02/2018 60 Data Analysis 15/02/2018 14/03/2018 30 Submission of Final Report 15/03/2018 15/04/2018 31 Reference List: Choy, L.T. (2014). The strengths and weaknesses of research methodology: Comparison and complimentary between qualitative and quantitative approaches.IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science,19(4), pp.99-104. Ci, C., Park, S., Kim, B. (2017, July). DIFFERENCES IN THE BRANDING STRATEGY OF THE BIG 3 SPA BRANDS: ZARA, UNIQLO, AND HM. In2017 Global Fashion Management Conference at Vienna(pp. 65-66). Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. California, United States of America: Sage. Ginesta, X., de San Eugenio, J. (2014). The use of football as a country branding strategy. Case study: Qatar and the Catalan sports press.Communication Sport,2(3), 225-241. Huertas-Garca, R., Huertas-Garca, R., Lengler, J., Lengler, J., Consolacin-Segura, C., Consolacin-Segura, C. (2017). Co-branding strategy in cause-related advertising: the fit between brand and cause.Journal of Product Brand Management,26(2), 135-150. Inama, S. (2015). Branding products initiatives in LDCs trough GIs: the case of the Kampot Pepper in Cambodia and the Harenna Coffe in Ethiopia.Connecting local and global food for sustainable solutions in public food procurement,14, 163. Magnoni, F., Roux, E. (2017). The impact of brand familiarity, branding and distribution strategy on luxury brand dilution. InThe Customer is NOT Always Right? Marketing Orientationsin a Dynamic Business World(pp. 100-103). Springer, Cham. Neven, S. (2014). Branding strategy for specialized tourist product.Advances in management,7(1), 8. Rahman, M. (2014). Differentiated brand experience in brand parity through branded branding strategy.Journal of Strategic Marketing,22(7), 603-615. Rezvanpour, N., Bayat, A. (2017). Determining effective urban design factors within the branding strategy due to brand city spaces and evaluating city spaces by comparing them to the presented factors. A case study of ChaharBagh Avn, Isfahan, Iran.Energy Procedia,115, 6-17. Rubera, G., Droge, C. (2013). Technology versus design innovation's effects on sales and Tobin's Q: The moderating role of branding strategy.Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(3), 448-464. Seo, S., Jang, S. S. (2013). The roles of brand equity and branding strategy: a study of restaurant food crises.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, 192-201. Strebinger, A. (2014). Rethinking brand architecture: a study on industry, company-and product-level drivers of branding strategy.European Journal of Marketing,48(9/10), 1782-1804.

Should Euthanasia Be Legalized in the Uk free essay sample

Active euthanasia involves the use of direct action in order to end the patient’s life whilst passive euthanasia is the withholding of medical aid in order to allow the patient to die naturally such as not performing life-extending surgery or turning off a life support system. The next distinction is between Voluntary and Involuntary euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia involves the patient’s termination at their own request whilst involuntary euthanasia occurs when the patient is unable to ably make a decision and therefore a suitable person makes the decision for them. Indirect euthanasia involves treating the patients pain but with the side effect of death, the primary intention is often used to justify the outcome. This is often referred to as the doctrine of double effect and in reality is not considered euthanasia given that the real purpose of the treatment is pain relief and death is merely seen as the side-affect. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Euthanasia Be Legalized in the Uk? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally there is assisted suicide which involves a patient incapable of committing suicide themselves asks for assistance in doing so. Euthanasia is a controversial topic that contradicts the age old moral injunction â€Å"thou shalt not kill†[2]. But similarly denying patient’s of this choice is defying medical practice cornerstones such as the patient’s autonomy and promoting their best interests. Different countries hold varying stances on Euthanasia but it is currently illegal in the UK. Most recently the case of Tony Nicklinson, a man totally paralysed by locked-in syndrome requesting euthanasia, has come to the forefront of the debate. Given the right to take his case to the high court, a win would mark a significant step towards the legalisation of euthanasia in the UK. Tony Nicklinson commented on topic via his wife stating that â€Å"it’s no longer acceptable for 21st century medicine to be governed by 20th century attitudes to death†. Both sides of the debate are strongly supported with organisations such as pro-life group â€Å"Care Not Killing† and pro-choice group â€Å"Dignity in Dying†. Advocates for Euthanasia include Lady Warnock and Margo Macdonald MSP. In 2008 Warnock controversially suggested that those living with dementia should consider uthanasia because of the strain they put on their families and medical resources. Whilst this seems extreme experts predict by 2026 there will be one million dementia sufferers in the UK costing the NHS approximately ? 35 billion annually. Margo Macdonald is an independent MSP who suffers from Parkinsons and campaigns for the legalisation of assisted suicide. She first brought her â€Å"End of Life Assistance Bill† to government in December 2010 when it was defeated but she is now again trying to have the revised version of her bill brought into effect. So far in the UK there has been no one charged for aiding suicide but cases such as that of Debbie Purdy and Dianne Pretty have brought this fact into question. In Scotland the organization Dignity in Dying continues to campaign for the changing of British Laws arguing that â€Å"The question for politicians in Britain today is why do you force your citizens, people in the most terrible circumstances who are determined to end their suffering in a way of their own choosing, to leave their country and travel to Switzerland to exercise their free will. Surveys carried out conclude that 80% of UK Citizens and 64% of General Practitioners support the legalization of Euthanasia and yet in 1997 the seventh attempt to have Euthanasia legalized in the UK was rejected by parliament. The Suicide Act 1961, updated by the Coroners and Justice act 2009, makes encouraging or assisting in a suicide a crime with a 14 year sentence. This has led to what is commonly referred to as â€Å"suicide touri sm† in which those restricted by the laws of their own country travel abroad to places where they can legally seek Euthanasia. This has become very common practice in Switzerland where the organisation â€Å"Dignitas† provide Euthanasia using trained doctors and nurses. As of 2008 a reported 100 British citizens have used Dignetas’ services. It has been argued that citizens of the UK should not have to make this final journey to Switzerland to end their lives away from the comfort of home and many feel that given it’s ongoing it may as well be legalised in the UK. Similarly opponents fear that given the legalisation of euthanasia the UK could become the new â€Å"graveyard of Europe† as is the phrase used to describe Switzerland. In England, the director of public prosecutions has indicated he is unlikely to take legal action against those who assist the suicide of friends or relatives who have a settled and informed wish to die. However, Scotland was given no similar lenience. Arguments for the legalisation of Euthanasia A clear indicator that the UK needs Euthanasia legislation is the vast support that exists for it. An impressive 88% people would support the legalisation of euthanasia in some form. [3] Many see it as what should be a choice at the end of one’s life or when faced with a futile future. If we put down animals to end their suffering it is difficult to understand why we cannot offer the same grace to our fellow human beings. It is extremely important that we give those who feel like their dignity has been taken away the ending that they want. It is also important that this choice can be offered to patients at home. The decision is difficult enough to make regardless of being forced to travel abroad to have euthanasia. Being at home would also allow the patient to die peacefully surrounded by loved ones. Loved ones are often put in very difficult situations by the illegality of euthanasia. Cases such as that of Debbie Purdy and Dianne Pretty highlight the issue of family members being prosecuted should they assist their partners in dying. Dianne, who appealed to many courts including the European Court of Human Rights to request her husband assisting her death, lost her case dying from the degenerative condition Motor Neurone disease in 2002. Debbie was more successful and gained immunity for her husband as he helped her travel to Dignitas to be given euthanasia. The UK has a duty to desperate patients to offer well-monitered euthanasia, rather than forcing them to go abroad or live in agony. A pragmatic however slightly insensitive argument for legalising Euthanasia would be the amount of medical resources it would free up. In many countries health services are limited and those with illnesses cannot be treated due to massive demand. Meanwhile treatment is being provided for those who do not want it and cannot be cured. Allowing these people euthanasia will not only satisfy their needs but also with the positive effect of increased medical care for those who need and want it. This argument is unconvincing to those morally opposed to the act of euthanasia itself regardless of how many people can be helped because of the increased medical resources. Another rejection of this argument is that euthanasia would be abused and involuntary euthanasia would take place as a quick solution for lack of medical resources. It would put pressure on the weak and vulnerable in our society into euthanasia as soon as they are terminally ill. Another argument in favour of legalizing euthanasia is since it happens anyway, it is better to make it legal so that it can be regulated appropriately. This argument is similar to that used to justify the legalisation of abortions in that it is justified by arguing that without proper facilities people will die in backstreet abortions. If passive Euthanasia is in wide use anyway surely it is better to at least regulate this process even if it is not preferable. For example DNR (Do not resuscitate) order in which a patient has requested not to be resuscitated if they stop breathing or their heart stops beating. This is in essence passive euthanasia, it is not such an extreme step to legalize euthanasia. Similarly palliative sedation often used to reduce pain but with the risk of shortening a patients life is again essentially active euthanasia. The Tony Bland case gives example of a public case of euthanasia that was not prosecuted. Tony Bland was a 17-year old seriously injured in the Hillsborough disaster in April 1989. Left in PVS until 1993 it was thought that his brain was too severely damaged for a recovery. The family and NHS trust requested to withdraw the equipment keeping him alive and the high courts agreed. Another issue that legalising euthanasia would solve would be that of the disparity between active and passive euthanasia. Whilst in medical practice passive euthanasia is widely used and active euthanasia is seen as the greater evil. However this distinction is nonsensical. Often cited is the metaphorical case of Smith and Jones in which Smith drowns his cousin disguising it as an accident in order to gain inheritance. Jones on the other hand has the same intention but discovers that his cousin has slipped and drowned himself and whilst he could easily save him he decides not to in order to gain his inheritance. The case highlights even when the outcome is the same the act is very much the same as the omission. As passive euthanasia already exists can active euthanasia not be legalised on the basis that it is morally exactly the same? From a purely pragmatic perspective it is easy to see that Euthanasia already exists in the United Kingdom, it is irresponsible to ignore something that must be regulated much like similarly controversial issues such as abortion. Furthermore it is difficult to see why there is killing is acceptable in certain situations such as self defense, but is however banned in this case. Palliative care is limited at best. There are situations and conditions that cannot be controlled. Furthermore often when people decide that they want to die, they tend to be of rational thought and will follow through their request. Even if they die comfortably in a hospice this is not what they want, their only wish was for death. Euthanasia will only be considered by those whom modern medical treatments cannot help and therefore it must be legalised regardless of any medical advancements and improved hospice conditions. For the last 10 years Oregon, USA has had legal assisted suicide. Notably Oregon has the best palliative care in the entire USA and yet 90% still seek assisted suicide from within this system. [4] This is conclusive proof that whilst palliative care may be a great option for some it is not the be all and end all and in some cases it is essential to have the option to have euthanasia legally. Another concern of anti-euthanasia activists is that euthanasia legislation will stifle investment in palliative care, but again there is evidence from Oregon that these concerns are totally unfounded. The percentage of people dying in palliative care has risen from 37% in 2002 to 52% in 2009, one of the highest rates in the USA[5]. Secular stances on euthanasia offer interesting moral arguments both in favour of and against legalising euthanasia. For Kantians euthanasia is not entirely clear issue. For Kantians it is important when creating moral guidelines that for an action to be moral it must be universalisable. Kantianism is the theory that we should stick to a set of compulsory rules and avoid letting emotions or inclinations to cloud our judgement and avoid trying to predict the outcomes of our actions. Kant argued that acting on ones emotional inclinations is to act irrationally and that consequences could only be considered if they were constantly predictable, which they aren’t. Kantianism being a deontological theory proposes that the most moral actions are those that are done out of the duty to do the right thing, and supports that an action is moral if the intention is good not the consequence. Kant believed that there are categorical imperatives i. e. actions that are either right or wrong and to do a wrong act to achieve a positive result is immoral. When it comes to Euthanasia Kantians would look for the moral action as apposed to the loving action. Kantians utilise both the universability test and the ends in them selves test in order to gauge categorical imperatives to follow. The statement â€Å"everyone should be helped to die† would not be an action that could be universally accepted and therefore fails this first essential component of a categorical imperative. However if the statement was â€Å"everyone who is terminally ill and wishes to die should be helped to die† this may be more viable. In this, there is potential confusion over this part of the categorical imperative. Similarly the ends in themselves test is equally incoherent as it could be argued that killing someone to end there pain was using them as a means to an end. On the other hand other Kantians could argue that a persons ends were best served by ending their life. Immanuel Kant himself was implicitly against any form of suicide so this would suggest Kantians must be of a similar stance but modern Kantian thinkers often disagree. Contrastingly to Kantian ethics Utilitarianism does not need a moral act to be universally acceptable. Utilitarianism is the theory generally credited to English philosopher Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism states that an action is right if it creates the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. Utilitarians believe that an action is not intrinsically either right or wrong. Depending on the situation the answer as to what to do varies, but in all situations the fundamental goal is happiness. The morality of the action depends solely on the consequences, and utilitarians will try to predict the outcome and base their decision on this. Laws and general rules are disregarded by this theory. The most important factor here is that the action that creates the greatest amount of happiness and least amount of pain. This being the case Utilitarians would be in favour of voluntary euthanasia. Utilitarians use the process of Hedonic Calculus in order to determine morality. The Hedonic calculus takes into account various factors such as intensity duration, propinquity, fecundity, purity and xtent of the pleasure Clearly it is very common for the continuation of a patient’s existence is more likely to bring them and all those around them more pain than pleasure. Furthermore the resources being used to keep them alive could be better used in bringing pleasure to others. Utilitarianism combats the common criticism of Euthanasia, that no one given expert medical treatment need di e in pain, with the valid point that having autonomy and the right to choose is itself a pleasure. However there are flaws in the Utilitarian system of ethics when addressing the issue of Euthanasia. It would seem that involuntary euthanasia too could be justified by the hedonic calculus if enough people stood to gain pleasure from the termination of a patient. This is the age old issue that has faced Utilitarianism with the â€Å"tyranny of the majority† meaning that given enough people with a contrary view, an individuals happiness can become completely irrelevant. The second issue is the idea if Utilitarians were to have their way and the law was indeed altered to allow Euthanasia, there would be pressure on the vulnerable to choose the option of Euthanasia to relieve the burden that they are. This however would lead to great unhappiness. In this way there could be a contradiction as the issue of whether or not changing the law would bring about the greatest amount of happiness or not. The Libertarian view would support euthanasia on the grounds that it can be in the best interests of everyone involved without violating anyone else’s rights and is therefore morally acceptable. Those opposed that Euthanasia does not qualify as an act that is in the best interests of people involved and has no detrimental effect on society. They argue that things that are in our best interests are not always morally sound. What may appear to be in one’s best interests may be unclear and could end up having terrible consequences. It is impossible to claim that euthanasia is in any way a private act it’s repurcussions on society would be gargantuan. Arguments against the legalisation of euthanasia An argument often employed by those against euthanasia legislation is the â€Å"slippery slope† argument that says if voluntary euthanasia is permitted, involuntary euthanasia will inevitably follow. The comparison to Nazis is often drawn as they used â€Å"humane† excuses to exterminate mentally and physically disabled patients during the holocaust. This highlights to arguments against the legalisation of euthanasia. Firstly the idea that one cannot discriminate between lawful and unlawful cases of euthanasia. Secondly the idea that mercy killing will become an accepted action and will lead to unjustified killings. Another example used is that of the legalisation of abortion in 1967 which was intended only to permit in exceptional cases but spiraled into a very common occurrence. The worry is that euthanasia will follow suit and become an on demand service. The slippery slope argument is riddled with faults. Humanists would argue that the comparison with Nazism is nonsensical as it never began as voluntary euthanasia, it was always an evil act rather than an escalation. Furthermore they argue that the line between voluntary and involuntary euthanasia is clear cut and therefore easily monitored. Cases such as that of Dianne Pretty serve as evidence that in the majority of cases it is very clear that the patient is making the choice for themselves. In Peter Singer’s A Companion to Ethics Helga Kushe states that â€Å"in the Netherlands a social experiment with active voluntary euthanasia is currently in progress. As yet there is no evidence this has sent Dutch society down a slippery slope†[6]. The comparison opponents draw between euthanasia and abortion is a weak one. The former in this case is the choice of sane and sensible people about their own life whilst the latter concerns an unconscious foetus with no one to protect it. Finally humanists argue that they do not recognise the danger that legalising euthanasia would belittle other laws surrounding death, such as murder. There is a great disparity between helping someone to die at their request and killing an innocent victim. As ethicist John Harris put it â€Å"if there is a slippery slope, legislation would apply crampons rather than skis†[7]. The case of Jack Kevorkian could be used as evidence of how it would be difficult to monitor the legalisation of euthanasia and how it could descend into a darker area. Between 1990 and 1998 Dr Jack Kevorkian a doctor in Michigan USA, assisted 130 terminally ill people. In this time he was tried 4 times, the first 3 aquitted and the last one ending in mistrial. In 1999 Kevorkian was charged with second-degree murder and the delivery of a controlled substance. The case highlights certain issues that may arise if UK law was changed concerning euthanasia. Whilst each individual allegedly took the final step of suicide in all the cases there were many questionable circumstances. At least 19 of the patients died within 24 hours of first meeting Dr Kevorkian. At lease 5 had a history of depression. 17 were not referred to a pain specialist after complaining of chronic pain. He failed to get the medical records of many of his patients and it is thought that many of them did not have terminal illnesses. However proponents of Euthanasia would point to Dr Kevorkian as an exampled of why Euthanasia must be legalised so that it can be properly regulated by authorities. An ethical argument used against euthanasia is the sanctity of life argument that suggests life has an intrinsic value and euthanasia tarnishes this. Human life has an intrinsic value regardless of its quality and religious people see it as a gift from God. This argument follows Kant’s belief that humans should be treated as ends in themselves and the fact that we are humans has value in itself. This also applies to ourselves, we must treat ourselves with this same respect and should not seek the easy way to alleviate suffering. However this argument loses credibility as the sanctity of life argument is generally associated with religion and only about 15% of the population of Britain worship on a regular basis. Religious people often use the argument that euthanasia is like playing God and that it is only God’s right to decide when and how we die. This is difficult to comprehend though as by this definition all medical interventions such as surgery are â€Å"playing God† but most religious people consider this normal and are often party to it. Humanists would argue that we do not have to look to a deity to answer when and how we must die. They argue that such important issues should not invoke God and laws should never be based on claims which rely on religious faith. Some religious people see the moral distinction between active and passive euthanasia and that the latter is the only morally permissible option. However humanists believe that it is in fact the former that has a stronger case as it is quicker and therefore less painful. The general consensus amongst Christians is that life is given and taken by God as it is mentioned in Job 1:21 â€Å"God gives and God takes away† and interfering with this process goes against natural law. Christians believe that each human was made in the image of God and therefore is extremely special. This life should be preserved and protected and to propose Euthanasia for an individual is to judge that their life is not worthwhile. Making this judgement goes against Christian beliefs as they believe that only God can judge. It is widely believed in the church that the moment preceding death is one of profound spirituality and importance and to interrupt with this process would be terrible. The ten commandments in Exodus implicitly reject killing â€Å"thou shall not kill†, Euthanasia is exactly this. Objectors would point to Jesus’ use of healing, he helped the sick rather than killing them. This example that Jesus showed suggests that palliative care is a far more Christian approach to the issue of death. One fundamental belief in Christianity is that humans are made in God’s image. Because of this human life has great value as it is sharing in God’s own life. To judge a human life as not worthwhile is failing to recognise God’s creation. Specifically the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) is entirely against Euthanasia arguing any intentional act that brings about death is the same as murder. This said extreme measures do not need to be taken to keep one alive, nature and God will decide when someones time has come. Pope John Paul II said that â€Å"Euthanasia is a grave violation of the law of God†[8]. However the church does recognise that drugs administered to a patient in order to relieve them of pain may hasten their death and this is morally acceptable as the primary intention is to alleviate the patient’s suffering. This is appealing to the doctrine of double effect which stipulates that if the primary intention is moral then the consequences of that action are irrelevant. This doctrine is widely criticised, described by Elizabeth Anscombe as â€Å"a sin in disguise†. It has been compared to claiming to not be responsible for the death of a friend if one shoots a bullet to kill a mosquito perched on his throat. Similarly the church recognises that extraordinary means in order to prevent death should not always be taken. If a young person has a long life ahead of them then they may have serious surgery but a very old person with little time left may reject such treatments. However many liberal Christians would have an alternative view. At Jesus’ sermon on the mount IN Matthew Christians are taught to be loving and allowing someone to live in pain and suffering does not reflect this teaching. In Genesis 1:28 it says that humans were given dominion over all living things by God, therefore our own lives. Furthermore free will was given to humans and surely then Christians should be allowed to exercise this free will in whichever way they please. Contrastingly to the teachings of Christian leaders 80% of Anglicans and 73% of Roman Catholics are in favour of the legalisation of euthanasia[9]. The Golden Rule of Jesus is â€Å"always treat others as you would like them to treat you†(Matthew 7:12) Doctors as a result of being aware of the implications of having a terminal illness have highest suicide rate of any group. Furthermore as Dr. Michael Irwin, former Medical Director of the united nations stated publicly â€Å"Many Physicians and nurses have private arrangements that they will hasten each other’s deaths should they ever be unfortunate enough to resemble the condition of some of their patients†[10]. Legalising Euthanasia will enable doctors to follow the Golden Rule and treat others how they would like to be treated themselves. The church actually regards refusal of extreme treatment in the face of death as morally acceptable and whilst this is not strictly euthanasia it does show an understanding of the human condition in the face of death. It is feared that euthanasia as a whole devalues disabled people’s lives and suggests that their lives are not worth living. By downgrading their lives while they’re alive we risk encouraging euthanasia. This is a very dangerous mentality to foster as many disabled people enjoy their lives regardless of any difficulties they may have. Those opposed to euthanasia often argue that misguided people could be led into euthanasia when in reality it is against their best interests. If the diagnosis of the illness is wrong and it is either not terminal or not as aggressive as claimed a patient could have priceless time taken away from them. In reality euthanasia does not devalue human life or the life of the particular patient, it is in reality having immense respect for their final wish of not wanting to endure their remaining time on earth. One medical issue that UK doctors would encounter should euthanasia be legalised would be the fact that it violates the very basis of medical ethics, which in the words of the International Code of Medical Ethics is â€Å"A doctor must always bear in mind the obligation of preserving human life from conception†[11]. It is thought that requesting doctors to compromise this promise would irreversibly fracture doctor patient relations. Doctors could become disillusioned by the increase in deaths and lack compassion dealing with elderly, disabled and terminally ill patients. Furthermore patients would become distrustful of health professionals believing that their doctors would rather have them terminated than have to look after them. Evidence counts against this concern as when 9 European countries were surveyed to discover which peoples invested most trust in their doctors it was the Netherlands that came out on top. Discussion of euthanasia in countries where euthanasia is legal is open, transparent, honest and mature. Palliative care is seen as the most obvious route for those opposed to euthanasia to seek painless deaths for patients with a terminal diagnosis. It is argued that the UK government should achive top level palliative care for the entire country before assisted suicide is even considered. Sometimes calls for euthanasia are in reality a veiled plea for help and should be addressed by palliative care specialists rather than assistance in this request. However must palliative care and assisted suicide be in conflict? There is a small group for whom palliative care is ineffective and should be given the final choice of euthanasia. Funding and improvement would continue in palliative care regardless of the certain choice some may take to die. Both options are driven predominantly by the respect for a patients autonomy and having compassion. Opponents to Euthanasia argue that it puts those most vulnerable in our society, the elderly, disabled and terminally ill in a terrible position where they would be made to feel like a burden. As population grows in the coming years inevitably there will be a greater demand on the health services and it will be these people who are targeted and pressured to have themselves terminated for the greater good. There is also the fear that family members of a patient with selfish intentions may coerce them into euthanasia in order to gain inheritance. Now disability groups such as â€Å"Not Dead Yet UK† (NDYUK) has fought back calls for legalised euthanasia calling upon MPs to sign the â€Å"Resistance Charter 2010† declaring that they are in support of palliative care and independent living services and maintain legal protecting for the terminally ill and disabled. However all these concerns have been considered thoroughly and comprehensively by the many bodies attempting to legalise voluntary euthanasia in the UK including Dignity in Dying, EXIT and various other organisations. There would be extensive guidelines and checks ensuring that the patient in question is fully sure of their decision and is of sound mind. In reality the legalisation of euthanasia would lead to far less assisted suicide as it becomes an open and easily discussible subject. In Holland where assisted suicide is legal, rates of non-voluntary euthanasia fell from 0. 8% (1000) of all deaths to 0. 4% (550) of all deaths in 2005. Conclusion As it stands the law in the UK is ambiguous when it comes to Euthanasia and there is a glaring lack of clarity. The Director of Public Prosecutions Keir Starmer, recently stated that intentions will be taken into consideration when euthanasia takes place. If the motivation for the act is compassion and it is not in the public’s interest to prosecute those who commit voluntary euthanasia may go unpunished. In any case, the laws should be updated and clarified in order to eradicate any confusion over the matter. I believe that voluntary euthanasia should be legalised in the UK. Having volunteered in a top hospice for 2 years I witnessed first hand those with terminal illnesses. The level of care in such places is outstanding and very few people are unhappy there. However there is no substitute for death when that is what a patient wishes for. No drug or expert care can diminish the feelings of one who knows that they want to die. I feel that if laws were to be passed on euthanasia then they would be aptly scrutinised in order to ensure that no injustice was done. Whilst opponents to legislation believe that legalising euthanasia is legalising murder, this point holds little water as those who break the guidelines of voluntary euthanasia will be dealt with just as any other criminal would. The vast support for euthanasia cannot be ignored but neither can the concerns of those against it. There are objections for a variety of reasons religious, moral and pragmatic. However I feel evidence from other states whom have legalised voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide is sufficient in showing that in reality palliative care would continue to improve, disabled people will still be cared for, the doctor patient relationship would only strengthen, and much of religious teachings fit with the caring nature of voluntary euthanasia.

The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Essay Example

The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Essay Example The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Essay The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Essay 1. What is the typical relationship between involvement rates on three-month Treasury measures. long-run exchequer bonds. and Baa corporate bonds? The involvement rate on three-month Treasury measures fluctuates more than the other involvement rates and is lower on norm. The involvement rate on Baa corporate bonds is higher on norm than the other involvement rates. 2. What consequence might a autumn in stock monetary values have on concern investing? The lower monetary value for a firm’s portions means that it can raise a smaller sum of financess. and so investing in works and equipment will fall. 3. What consequence might a rise in stock monetary values have on consumers’ determinations to pass? Higher stock monetary values mean that consumers’ wealth is higher and so they will be more likely to increase their disbursement. 4. Why are fiscal markets of import to the wellness of the economic system? Because they channel financess from those who do non hold a productive usage for them to those who do. thereby ensuing in higher economic efficiency. 5. What was the chief cause of the recession that began in 2007? The chief cause of the recession that began in 2007 was the defaults in subprime residential mortgages led to major losingss. 6. What is the basic activity of Bankss? Banks accept sedimentations and so utilize the ensuing financess to do loans. 7. What are other of import fiscal mediators in the economic system besides Bankss? Savingss and loan associations. common savings Bankss. recognition brotherhoods. insurance companies. common financess. pension financess. and finance companies 8. Can you believe of any fiscal invention in the past 10 old ages that has affected you personally? Has it made you better or worse off? In what manner? 9. Have the rising prices rate in the U. S. increased or decreased in the past few old ages? What about the involvement rates? The rising prices rate in the U. S. increased in the past few old ages and the involvement rates decreased. 10. If the history repeats itself and we see a diminution in the rate of money growing. what might you anticipate to go on to a. existent end product? will increase b. the rising prices rate? will diminish c. involvement rates? will diminish 11. When involvement rates decrease. how might concerns and consumers change their economic behaviour? Businesss would increase investing disbursement because the cost of funding this disbursement is now lower. and consumers would be more likely to buy a house or a auto because the cost of financing their purchase is lower. 12. Is everybody worse off when involvement rates rise? No. Peoples who borrow to buy a house or a auto are worse off because it costs them more to finance their purchase ; nevertheless. rescuers benefit because they can gain higher involvement rates on their nest eggs. 13. Why do directors of fiscal establishments care so much about the activities of the Federal Reserve System? Because the actions of the Federal Reserve affects involvement rates. rising prices. and concern rhythms. all of which have an of import impact on the profitableness of fiscal establishments. 15. How does a diminution in the value of lb sterling affect British consumers? It makes foreign goods more expensive and so British consumers will purchase less foreign goods and more domestic goods. 16. How does an addition in the value of the lb sterling affect American concerns? It makes British goods more expensive relation to American goods. American concerns will happen it easier to sell their goods in the United States and abroad. and the demand for their merchandises will lift. If. nevertheless. an American concern depends on supplies/parts from British companies these merchandises will increase their costs. 17. How can alter in foreign exchange rates affect the profitableness of fiscal establishments? Changes in foreign exchange rates change the value of assets held by fiscal establishments and therefore take to additions and losingss on these assets. Besides changes in foreign exchange rates affect the net incomes made by bargainers in foreign exchange who work for fiscal establishments. 18. Harmonizing to Figure 8. in which old ages would you hold chosen to see the Grand Canyon in Arizona instead than the Tower of London? Where the dollar was weak 1991. 1993. 1995 etc. the Grand Canyon 19. When the dollar is worth more in relation to currencies of other states. are you more likely to purchase American-made or foreign-made denims? When the dollar additions in value. foreign goods become less expensive relation to American goods ; therefore you are more likely to purchase French-made denims than American-made denims. The ensuing bead in demand for American-made denims because of the strong dollar injuries American denims makers. On the other manus. the American company that imports denims into the United States now finds that the demand for its merchandise has risen. so it is better off when the dollar is strong. 20. Much of the U. S. authorities debt is held as exchequer bonds and measures by foreign investors. How do fluctuations in the dollar exchange rate affect the value of that debt held by aliens? Foreign holders of this debt are concerned that the U. S. will allow the dollar value diminution so the comparative value of its debt is less. As the dollar loses value. investors are less likely to keep assets in dollars as they wait for the diminution to halt.

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE - Essay Example ed that through using skills in notes taking and in making careful plans, I could actually pursue careers that delve into the use of knowledge, skills and abilities pertaining to these characteristics and learning strategies. I also share your beliefs that IQ has nothing to do with success. Exemplifying a high or low IQ does not necessary mean success or failure in life. It is actually what one does with the result that is most crucial and relevant. Just like your example with the doctor who was previously been diagnosed with a learning disability, the information did not preclude him from achieving his dream. The efforts and determination that one puts in whatever endeavor that genuinely interests a person with the aim of sharing the knowledge, skills and abilities learned with others is the most important gauge for success. In this regard, whatever the results of the Discovery Wheel and Develop Your Multiple Intelligences exercises, we must recognize that these are just information that would assist and guide us towards the path we plan to pursue, with the aim of improving the lives of those we touch through our

Employee Relations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employee Relations - Case Study Example On May 15, he assured Monica that everything would be taken care of as planned. Carl pulled out the paperwork needed for the orientation plans after Memorial Day, which would place this time frame around the beginning of June. His goal at this point in time was to get everything finalized for the orientation that would be coming up in approximately two weeks. What he found was a big mess. Some of the applications were incomplete. Some of the new hires did not have the required transcripts on file. Not a single one of them had gone to have a drug screen, and those were mandatory. Furthermore, he could only find three orientation manuals and all of them had pages missing. The frustration did not end there. When he went to check on the room that would be used to train the new hires during the actual orientation, he found out that it was not even going to be available for use on that day. In fact, it had already been booked for the entire month of June for other company business. All of this turmoil left Carl very frustrated and having no idea where to turn next. Although each of these individual problems is significant, the real issue boils down to a couple of deeper problems: miscommunication and poor preparation. Most of this falls on the shoulders of Carl since he agreed to take responsibility for the orientation, but it could have possibly been prevented had other individuals in the company, such as Monica or Carl's supervisor, checked in on his progress and found that he was putting off some vital actions until it was virtually too late to correct them, at least in a quick and efficient manner. According to Anonymous Employee (2008, pg. 1), "Poor communication leads to inadequate workplaces. As in any relationship, communication is key to a strong business relationship. This can be the relationship between business and customer, or, equally as important, the internal relationships among different employees within the company. Communication can be improved in virtually every workplace, no matter the industry or size. After all, it is the only way for information to effectively spread throughout the business so that everybody can be informed to the degree that they required to properly achieve their goals." In addition, Anonymous Employee (2008, pg. 1) claims that, "Among the most trying elements of poor communication in today's workplace is a lack of information for the proper accomplishment of the tasks necessary within the business. Even in today's information overload society, employees often lack the information they need to do their jobs. They may have the data that they require

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Assignment 3 - Essay Example Matters or issues concerning dark energy are normally speculative in nature. The evidence for the existence of the dark energy arises from three major independent sources. Therefore, these sources lead us to our three major hypotheses on dark energy: distance measurements through the red shift, explains the universe has expanded during its last half life; the theoretical requirements for extra energy type that is not matter and dark matter, to form the observationally flat universe; and it can be identified through the large scale measurement of wave patterns with mass density. Dark energy is believed to be homogeneous and not very dense; it interacts with other universal forces; apart for gravitational force. These theories hypothesize formation of galaxies or cluster of galaxies; Cold Dark Matter aspect of cosmology describes that clustering and also merging processes enables galaxies to gain mass and determine shape and structure. One theory explains the ‘top down’ galaxies formation aspect. The disk galaxies are created through monolithic collapse of the large gas cloud. In the process of cloud collapse; gas settles in a highly rotating disk. This explanation is very simple; but no longer accepted (Schechner 297). The bottom up galaxy formation theory demonstrates that galaxies are formed through coalescing involving smaller progenitors; smaller particles merge and form larger or big particles. The dark matter halos cluster during the bottom up process. The age of the Earth is estimated to be 4.5 billion years. This age was approximated using radiometric system of dating; using meteorite materials. There is a hypothesis that accretion of the Earth soon started after formation of calcium-aluminum rich materials and meteorites. However; simpler explanations can indicate that the age of the Earth is millions

A Fitness Center Where Every Body Benefits Marketing Essay

A Fitness Center Where Every Body Benefits Marketing Essay Entrepreneurship project that was assigned to us was to make a business plan of a new business venture. The report covers the core concepts that are involved in the making of and implementation of a new companys business plan. Identifying the opportunity and taking the initiative towards something novel and different, a new venture concept that I have decided is a fitness center. This report contains about the company, identification of the target market, strategies to penetrate in the target market segmenting it to different locations, the industry analysis, marketing plan and positioning of the company, effective pricing strategy, how to promote it to clients through different strategies of advertising and promotion, the operational plan for the early stages of the company and the financial factors that are major challenges for the company THE BUSINESS Our vision: To make BODYFIT a place where every body benefits. Mission statement: Your fitness is our priority. We strive to provide you a safe, healthy and secure fitness environment. where customers can achieve their fitness goals. Our professional, expert and qualified staff is committed to the highest level dedication that ensures the satisfaction of customers fitness with motivation and quality Opportunity (potential business): We are going to launch new company in Islamabad, Pakistan which is basically a fitness center/club. In Islamabad, there are already few companies that are providing such services like FIT n FLEX, METAFITNOSIS, and FITNESS FIRST, ULTIMATE GYM etc. so there is a room for a new fitness center to establish and capture the market and response. As we have recently seen this trend that people are becoming conscious day by day about their health and fitness and they want such a place where they can get fitness under proper guidance from professionals. So by setting up our fitness center we can cater the needs of our customers by providing unique services under one roof, and get our market share in health industry. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE Board of Directors: initially the board of directors will be the inside investors who providing with the necessary funding and investment to the company. Law firm: Accounting firm:KPMG Consulting firm: The management team is very crucial for any business success. Our team consists of dedicated members who strive to achieve the maximum benefit for the organization and its customers. Of them MD will play vital role in management by using his expertise and knowledge in the smooth and efficient running of the organization. He would have to oversee and control all the major departments of the company. COMPANY STRUCTURE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY The company would be established under the legal structure of: Private LTD Company. And the brand name would be protected through registering the company name so that it cannot be copied. As per requirement patents and copyrights would also be applied for. The company will consist of the following departments and their duties would be as follows:- Management department As our vision and mission statement, management departments aim is to translate vision and mission in strategic manner to achieve the targets and goals. As this department is the backbone of any organization. The managing Director (MD) will control the structure of the organization. Finance department To make the required statements and analysis such as Budgeting, Cash flow Profit and loss statement, Expense sheet, Project plan sheet, Financial analysis, Balance sheet etc HR department   Making necessary adjustments in terms of human resource such as training, hiring, recruiting, appraising, evaluating and compensation packages. Accounts department Updating accounts on the daily basis and giving reports to the management. Security department Providing safe environment to the customers and management. Maintenance department Making sure that every machinery and equipment is in place and up and running. Rules and regulations: Necessary rules and regulations will be laid down to for adherence to company policies to provide members a safe, enjoyable, healthy and comfortable experience. The members and guest would have to sign the required documents before using the fitness center facilities. And if some changes are made to the policies our members will be informed beforehand. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS As also mentioned above that recent trend of people becoming conscious day by day about their health and fitness concerns. So this is a very good opportunity for us to enter into and start a fitness center. As this market is still in its growing stage there is a high chance of earning profit by providing these services to our customers. for this we also conducted a SWOT analysis of our project which is as follows. SWOT analysis: Strengths: Friendly, safe and healthy environment. International standard equipments from USA. Professionally qualified and expert trainers. Diversified and flexible training program tailored for each customer. Separate timings for males and females, and Co facility for specific timings for couples only Weaknesses: Less space for future project extension. Limited number of members can be given membership due to less space. Lack of Experience in this industry. Threats: Established Competitor (FIT n FLEX, METAFITNOSIS) Higher than expected Cost. Contingencies. Legal and Security Issues. Opportunities: Market is still not saturated which provides incentives to expansion. Collaborate with well renowned fitness centers nationally and internationally. Market segmentation and Target market Marketing segmentation will be done on the basis of Geographical region City = Islamabad Area = E, F and G sectors In future we plan to open our branch in Bahria town. Demographic factors Age = from 12-45 and above Gender = male and female Occupation= no restriction in terms of occupation we would be targeting everyone who can afford. Psychographic Values and Life Style Achievers   Health conscious Sporty Party goers Stylish Identifying possible competitive advantages. As the Company is new in the market, with different features and attributes, so the management have identified that competitive advantage are its unique services, and good team. MARKETING PLAN Actually marketing plan consists of all those items that create and increase the demand of its product. PRODUCTS SERVICES GYM WORKOUT BODYBUILDING: COMBINED GYM. We would be providing our members with top notch international standard, the very latest and advanced equipment, that will guarantee a comfortable and effective exercise experience. A personal training program will also be offered to customers who require full attention from our expert trainers. State of the art Gym that will have around 90 plus machines. Consisting of:- 1-Light weight area.   2-Heavy Weight area for professional and extensive body building program. LADIES: A separate area for ladies consisting of the equipment specially for their purpose. exclusive state of the art Gym.   1-Light weight area Equipped with Biomechanical Machines. 2-Heavy Weight area (specifically for women) Equipped with Heavy Machines for professionals SWIM SCHOOL: Private classes would be available at any level for adults as well as children. Children must be at least 8 years old to participate in private lessons Our pool would be a rectangle shaped pool with sun beds, a mini island, rockeries, waterfall etc Temperature controlled water with standard filtering system. MASSAGE SERVICES:   we would also be providing massage services to our market. Our dedicated staff is eager to graciously pamper you from the moment you arrive, stressed, until you depart, refreshed and re-energized. PRICING The pricing strategy portion of the marketing plan involves determining how we will price our product or service; the price we charge has to be competitive but still allow us to make a reasonable profit. We would be charging different price depending on the package that the customer has opted for and the time period for which he/she wishes to join our fitness center. We set our prices by examining how much it costs us to produce the product or service and adding a fair price for the benefits that the client will enjoy. Place:- We have bought a land in F-9 park which is an ideal location for our business. The place and the surrounding and the atmosphere provided in our club is perfect for our customers as it will be away from the noisy and busy area of the city. PROMOTION:- Different mediums will be used to communicate to our market. The tools which we would be focusing on for launching our business would be advertising and public relation. Which will include. RADIO: The reason for choosing radio is because of its large mass appeal and secondly it is less costly compared to television advertisement. Newspaper and magazine Press relations:-Creating and placing news worthy information in the news media to attract attention to a person, product or service. Public affairs:-Building and maintaining national or local community relations is called public affairs. Public relations are used to promote products. We would be having our own website and company pages on social networking sites. To keep on informing our customers. OPERATIONS PLAN Operational plan includes the day to day activities of our business and how we would be working towards providing the services to the customers. as already mentioned before we are providing fitness services to our customers in terms of gym, swimming and massage facilities. We would be providing services ourselves and it wont be outsourced or contracted out to some other firm. The location of our business is in sector F-9 of Islamabad. As such we wont be requiring or needing a place to keep inventories as we primarily are providing services to our customers. However, we would be requiring some space for machinery that is out of order and for maintenance purposes. We at BODYFIT will ensure that our members get high quality satisfied services. We will be regularly asking our members for feedback and ways to improve our services. We will make sure that our equipment is in the best possible condition while maintenance will be done frequently. Rules and policies regarding the operations will be mentioned in the rules and regulations section which will be signed by each and every member before becoming a part of BODYFIT. FINANCIAL PLANS In order to start the business we would be requiring fairly large amount of investment. For that purpose we have decided to split the investment in terms of loans and equity. 60% of the funding required will be attained through bank loan and the rest 40% will be financed by equity that is through shareholders. Our main source of revenue will come in two ways. 60-70% of revenue will come through the monthly fees and membership fees from the customers. and remaining revenue will come from the consulting services that we will be giving in terms of personal training. Salaries of staff and trainers and rent are the two major expenses while depreciation is another significant cost that will increase as the company develops.   Purchasing of fitness medical and office equipment is expensive constant replacement will be needed to minimize depreciation costs and maintain a competitive edge.   In order to maintain steady gross margins salaries and advertising expenses are not likely to increase within the first two years of operation. The company would be frequently evaluating and assessing its financial postion interms of profit and loss statement, balance sheet and cash flow statements. And keep an eye on working capital so that the business is able to meet its short term financial obligations and smooth running of the business. The most important financial indicators are net increase in cash and net income. Net increase from cash will represent the relationship between net income and net cash from operating activities. The greater the increase is the better it is for the companys level of financial strength at that point in time.

Diary Of Anne Frank :: essays research papers

1.The Diary of Anne Frank by Anne Frank2.The setting of this book is an attic of a building in Amsterdam during the time period of 1942 to 1944.3.The historical period of this book is World War II.4.Anne Frank was a young girl who is the author of this popular diary. She was thought of by others as conceited but didn't think so herself. She was in love with Peter Van Daan in the attic.Margot Frank was the older sister of Anne who was considered smarter and more adultlike than younger sister. Margot was also jealous of Anne because of Anne's relationship with Peter.Mr.Frank was Anne's father who was kind, forgiving and a very good father.He cared for every Jew in the world for they were all opppressed victims.Mrs.Frank was a caring mother who was always fare. She loved her husband and favored Margot over Anne most of the time.Peter Van Daan was Anne's boyfriend who was picked on by Mr.Dussel. He loved his father but thought his mother was a pain.Mr.Van Daan was a loving father that a lways stood up for his son. He often argued with his wife and Mr.Dussel.Mrs.Van Daan loved her son, Peter, and her husband, although they argued most of the time. She clinged to one material possession, her fur coat given to her by her father.Mr.Dussel was a Jewish dentist that picked on Peter van Daan for every little thing. He wasn't a very religious Jew, but he still wore the blue star.Mr.Kraler was one of the people that helped them survive in the lonely attic. He with Koophuis was sent to the camps with the Jews for housing them. They both miraculously survived the camps.Mr.Koophuis was the manager of the building occupying the group of Jews. As I already mentioned, he went to the camps with the Jews. He was sick a lot and was always on the edge of death.Miep and Eli also helped the families by getting them food and supplies.They were very helpful and sometimes helped them stay alive.5.The characters in the book are in hiding because they are Jewish and during WWII Jews were killed in concentration camps by the Nazi's.6.The Jews in concentration camps were being beaten and gassed. The Nazi's used Nerve gas and Mustard gas on the Jews. Jews were also being shot and killed for no reason.7.This book made me feel sorry for all the Jewish people in camps and hiding during WWII.